Wednesday, January 3, 2018

1407 and 1450 Keur op de Brouwerij of Haarlem, the Netherlands, for kuit and hopped beer.

From the Haarlem city brewery ordinances, transcriptions from "Rechtsbronnen der Stad Haarlem" by Huizinga, 1911.
1407: IV Keur op de Brouwerij / Ordinances of the Brewery.


5. Item so wie Haerlems bier vercoopt, die selt vercopen bi vaten of bi brouten, of XIII sticke voor tlast, dat te leveren bi den peil, die daer is, daer ment vercoopt. Ende so wie daer in bruekich te laten; dats te verstaen to elksen broute biers XXXVI achtendel haveren mouts ende X achtendel tarwen mouts ende niet min, ende voor dat tiende achtendel tarwen mouts ende niet min, ende voor dat tiende achtendel tarwes mach men brouwen twie achtendell ghersts, of men wil, ende emmer niet min tarwen mouts int brout dan IX achtendel, ende twi achtendel ghersts meer, of men wil. 

5. Also for those whom sell Haarlems beer, they shall sell by the barrels or by the brews, of 13 sticke for to last, which shall be checked with the level, which is there, where one sells. And thus who shall be in default; that is to say to each brew beer 36 eightparts oats malt [oatmeal] and 10 eightparts wheat malt and not less, and for that tenth eightparts wheat one can also brew two eightparts barley, of one wants, or spelt [Triticum dicoccum] and of spelt not less wheatmeal in the brew than 9 eightparts, and two eightparts barley more, if one wants.

34. Voort dat niement genen rogge te moute en make, noch en brouwe te gheenrande bier, op een boete van dreien ponden, alle dinc sonder argheliste.

34. Ergo nobody make malt with (no) rogge, nor brew any beer, on a fine of 3 pounds, all this without argue.


37. Item so we coyt brouwen wil, die en sel in dat broutou binnen vier dagen daer na gheen hoppen bier in dat broutou mogen brouwen, dats te verstaen, datter drie vrie dagen tusschen wesen sellen, er met hoppen bier in brout. Ende voort sel men tot elken broute coyts brouwen twalef achtendel tarwen mouts, achtien achtendel ghersten mouts ende vier ende twintich achtendel haveren mouts ende van elcs niet min, op die boete van III pont.

37. Also those who want to brew kuit, they shall brew in the brew barrel (keeve) no hopped beer within four days, that is to understand, that three or four days would be in between, having brewed with hopped beer. And as well one shall to each brew kuit brew with 12 eightparts wheat malt, eighteen eightparts barley malt and four and twenty eightparts oats malt and of each not less, on the fine of 3 pounds.


38. Voort wes coyt, diemen over zee voert, die en sel men niet langer brouwen dan XXVI vate, op die boete van III pont, ende so wat coyt men binnen lants slijt, en sel men niet langher brouwen dan XXV vate coyts, ende van elcs niet meer, min, of men wil, ooc op die boete vorscreven.

38. About kuit, which one transport over sea, one shall not brew longer than 26 barrels, on the fine of 3 pounds, and about kuit which is sold domestically, and one shall not brew longer than 25 barrels kuit, and of each not more, or less, of one wants, also fined as regulated.

1450

8. Van dat met ghien bier langher en sal brouwen dan XIIII stucke.
Item soe en sal men ghien bier langher brouwen dan van viertien stucks ende een halff vat drinkkebiers van sinen vollen mout, die brout hoppen biers, dat men buten der stede voerden, op een boeten van drie ponden.
(Vgl. de keur van 1407 §3.)

8. Of that no beer shall be brewed longer than 14 stucks.
Also that one shall not brew beer longer than 14 stucks and a half drinkbeer [personal use] of his full malt, they who brew hopped beer, which is transported outside of the city, on a fine of three pounds. (Also in the ordinance of 1407 §3.)

12. Van dat men ghien koyt langher brouwen sal dan XXIIII sticken.
Item dat men ghien koeyt langher brouwen en sal dan van vier ende twintich sticken, die brout van sinen vollen mout, dat met buten der stede boert, ten waere dat men sie in Vrieslant voeren woude, die soud men brouwen van XXVIII stucken ende niet langher, op dat bier verboert.
(Vgl. de keur van 1407 §21)

12. Of that one would not brew kuit longer than 24 sticken.
Also that one would not brew beer longer than of four and twenty sticken, brewed from his full malt, which is farmed outside of the city, be aware that those farmed in Friesland, those should one brew of 28 stucken and not longer, otherwise the beer is forfeited. (Also in the ordinance of 1407 §21)

20. Van dat niement rog te mout maken en moet.
Item datter niement rog te mout maken en moet noch brouwen tot gheenrehande bier, op een boete van drie ponden.
(Vgl. de keur van 1407 §34)

20. Of that nobody can make rye into malt.
Also that nobody can make rye into malt and can not brew into [?] beer, on a fine of three pounds. (Also in the ordinance of 1407 §34)


Transcriptions from Rechtsbronnen der Stad Haarlem by Johan Huizinga. Martinus Nijhoff, 1911.
Translations by Susan Verberg, 2017.
Images are cropped from scans of the city Archives of Haarlem, the Netherlands.

4 comments:

  1. in the translation of 5 the words oat malt is followed by [oatmeal]? Oat malt and oat meal are quite different things. Wedon't malt oats very often these days but they appear to have done so quite a lot in the middle ages.

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    1. Hi, yes, I am aware - the reason I put it in brackets is that literally the Dutch word means oatmeal, as in the flattened breakfast cereal, but in context of brewing I assume oats malt is meant. Especially as wheatmeal is not normally a Dutch term used in that context. I added the literal translation as a optional variant.

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    2. My question would be, if wheat is either listed as tarwe or as tarwe mout, and tarwe mout translates to malted wheat, then if the mout is not added does that mean the wheat is added as an unmalted grain. And the same for oats (haver) and barley (gerst).

      Another interesting point could be that the Dutch word for the breakfast oatmeal, or havermout, comes from the way the grains are processed for malting. The city gruit houses contained special mills (called stampus, or flatteners) to crush the grains for malting (likely a large stone wheel in a circular trough, powered by a horse mill). This type of coarse milling would result in flattened grains, very similar to how our modern rolled oats for oatmeal are processed.

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